> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.rplpeptides.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.rplpeptides.com/docs/kpv/01-introduction/kpv-introduction.md).

# KPV Peptide — Product Introduction & Overview

## 1.1 Product Identity

| Field                 | Value                                                   |
| --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Product Name**      | KPV Peptide                                             |
| **Sequence**          | Lys-Pro-Val                                             |
| **Systematic Name**   | L-Lysyl-L-prolyl-L-valine                               |
| **CAS Number**        | 67727-97-3                                              |
| **Molecular Formula** | C16H30N4O4                                              |
| **Molecular Weight**  | 342.44 Da                                               |
| **Product Type**      | Synthetic tripeptide; α-MSH (11-13) C-terminal fragment |
| **Document ID**       | RPL-TM-KPV-001                                          |
| **Publisher**         | RPL Peptide (Qingdao RPL Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)       |

## 1.2 Background

KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is a naturally occurring tripeptide corresponding to the C-terminal fragment (amino acid residues 11-13) of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Although small in size—just three amino acids—KPV retains several key bioactive properties of its parent molecule α-MSH, most notably anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities.

The peptide was first identified and characterized in studies investigating the structure-activity relationship of α-MSH fragments. Researchers discovered that the C-terminal tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val was sufficient to mediate certain anti-inflammatory effects without requiring the full 13-amino-acid melanocortin peptide.

## 1.3 Scientific Significance

KPV has attracted research interest across multiple biomedical fields:

* **Inflammation Research**: KPV demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and NF-κB pathway regulation.
* **Gastrointestinal Studies**: Investigated for protective effects in models of colitis and intestinal inflammation.
* **Wound Healing**: Studied for potential roles in tissue repair and regeneration, particularly in models of inflammatory bowel disease and skin wounds.
* **Ocular Research**: Evaluated for anti-inflammatory properties in corneal and conjunctival inflammation models.
* **Dermatological Applications**: Research into melanocortin-derived peptide activity on skin cells.

## 1.4 Mechanism of Action (Research Findings)

Published studies indicate KPV exerts its biological effects through multiple proposed mechanisms:

1. **Melanocortin Receptor Modulation**: Although KPV has lower affinity than full-length α-MSH, it is believed to interact with melanocortin receptors (MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, MC5R) depending on cellular context.
2. **NF-κB Pathway Inhibition**: KPV has been shown to suppress NF-κB activation, leading to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.
3. **Anti-Oxidant Activity**: The peptide may upregulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and other cytoprotective enzymes.
4. **Cytokine Regulation**: Suppression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in activated macrophages and epithelial cells.

## 1.5 Research Applications

| Research Area     | Application                                          |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| Immunology        | Cytokine modulation, macrophage polarization studies |
| Gastroenterology  | Colitis models, intestinal barrier function          |
| Dermatology       | Skin inflammation, wound healing models              |
| Ophthalmology     | Corneal inflammation, dry eye disease models         |
| Neuroinflammation | Microglial activation, neuroprotection               |
| Sepsis Models     | Systemic inflammatory response modulation            |

## 1.6 Scope of This Manual

This technical manual provides comprehensive documentation for researchers, procurement professionals, and quality assurance teams using KPV Peptide in laboratory settings. Contents include:

* Chemical and physical property data
* Synthesis and manufacturing specifications
* Analytical methods and quality control protocols
* Safety data and handling guidelines
* Reconstitution and storage recommendations
* Certificates and regulatory documentation

## 1.7 Intended Use

KPV Peptide is intended for **laboratory research use only**. It is not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or veterinary use, nor for human consumption.

***

*Document ID: RPL-TM-KPV-001 | Section 1/18 | Version 1.0 | July 2026*


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